Some Adverse Circumstances, Some Healthy Projects

The weather in the Kenyan Rift Valley has not changed much in several months. The rainy season that was expected to end earlier in the year has not let up yet. Many people waited for the rain to ease before planting crops, trying to avoid losing them to flooding. Others took a chance and some crops are growing, some are not. But some crops will eventually need hot dry weather to ripen and dry out for harvesting. And until it dries out enough, we will not be able to finish preparing another field which has had nothing growing in it for over a month.

A lot of areas around the country have had severe flooding recently. There have been 70 or 80 deaths (there is a lot of disagreement about exact numbers) since the beginning of the year and many tens of thousands of people have been displaced. In Mogotio also, over 60 families were displaced in the December/January floods. They have since been living in UNHCR tents, partly because the areas they were in are still prone to flooding and partly because they were squatters and are not allowed to return to where they were. There is a lot of land in the area, unused and underused. But it is 'owned' by a Greek sisal farmer and a handful of other rich people. They are not known for handing over even very small amounts of land. Some of them don't even bother paying their employees most of the time.

We at Ribbon of Hope Self Help Group have had mixed luck during the prolonged rains. We planted an acre of maize and beans. The maize is doing fine, the beans not so good. We plan to harvest some of the beans while they are still green and use them straight away. It's unlikely that they will dry out enough to be harvested, dried and stored, so we have to cut our losses. The maize should be fine, especially if the rain stops, as expected, some time in June. But if the weather continues warm and wet, we could lose everything yet again. Other crops that we planted on smaller patches of ground may be threatened as well.

When it's too dry, at least we can irrigate. But when it's too wet, there's not much we can do. Instead of working on the crops in the last few days, we went to some more villages to assess orphans for the orphan and vulnerable children (OVC) programme that we are starting. But even then we were thwarted by the rain. We had walked quite a long way from the main road through Mogotio to an area called Sarambei when the rain started. We just had to sit for a couple of hours because the dirt tracks had turned to rivers of muddy water. Luckily, we were with some very hospitable people when the rain started, who plied us with tea until it cleared a bit.

All of the children we have seen, without exception, are in bad need of support. Almost all of their guardians seem to be able and willing to care for the children. But when a child is with someone who seems unsuitable, this creates quite a dilemma. When a guardian has a drink problem and seems totally oblivious to a young child's needs, that child is a lot more vulnerable than the ones who are with good carers, no matter how poor their carers are. We have almost reached our target of 20 or 21 children and we'll then have to decide how to approach each family. They will certainly all require different approaches, being dissimilar in many ways.

But some of our projects have been doing especially well. A small group of people started a rabbit breeding project with three rabbits less than two months ago. They now have 15 as two have given birth. In a few months, they should have a fine project and it will probably be split up so that each group member has their own small project. It's expensive to start off with, rabbits need good housing and other things, but it's not so expensive once it gets going. My only worry is that I have still not met a Kenyan who has eaten rabbit or who intends eating one. Apparently there is a market for rabbits but I've heard about markets before that just dried up as soon as you start trying to sell something. Perhaps I'm just too skeptical. Perhaps they will eat the rabbits if they can't sell them, they could do with the protein.

The same group also started a chicken project that was very slow to get going. I've mentioned the group before because they had a leader who seemed hell bent on making sure they never got anywhere. They got rid of him and since, the chicken project has picked up and most people in the group now have enough chickens to eat some eggs and sell the surplus. In fact, even the uncooperative former leader himself has a good flock of hens, thanks to the project. Bad weather conditions and disruptive people cause the most problems with the various projects we are involved in. But despite everything, some of the projects still produce good results, thankfully. Others will probably just take time. Many things take longer than expected here.

Displaced by Violence; Resettled by Violence

Many of the Kenyans who ended up in camps for internally displaced persons (IDP) are there because they supported or are seen to have supported Mwai Kibaki, the current president. However, Kibaki feels that it is intolerable that people should still be in IDP camps and so he announced a few weeks ago that they were all going to be resettled elsewhere.

Most people tried to stay where they were until they were sure the government was really going to pay them the pittance they are getting for resettlement, about 350 dollars. But they were told they would not get the money until they dismantled the temporary accommodation they have been living in for nearly two years. The amount of money they have been given will not buy them much, certainly not land. But some promises have been made about land, too.

Whether these promises will be kept and to how many people is not clear and may never be clear. But press coverage of IDP resettlements seem to be confined to the very discreet and peaceful events at the ironically named Eldoret Show Grounds. I don't know if the press was selective in what they covered but Kenyan TV coverage today included extremely violent 'resettlements' with riot police beating people with truncheons and firing tear gas on displaced people currently living in camps.

Recent coverage on the BBC claims there will be 'no forcible evictions', but today's events seem to contradict that claim. You can go around from village to village here in the Rift Valley and see the remains of houses and other buildings that have been raised to the ground, often burned down. Why would people who were displaced so violently return to the neighbours who tried and even succeeded in killing and maiming so many of them?

The government's response does not see reasonable, so I hope press coverage takes as much interest in the 'resettlement' programmes as they did in the original violence.

Painting Pots Black

This is not to stir up the long running dispute between the pots and the kettles. We're painting pots black so we can use them with the solar cookers we purchased during the week from Solar Cookers International. We've talked to people who work with, make and research solar devices and we've talked to those who want to buy them and use them. Now it's time to go out and demonstrate them and, hopefully, persuade people to part with the $6 or so that they need to invest.

Of course, people need to invest a little time and, god forbid, they need to embrace change, just a tiny bit of change! We can make ourselves some food over the weekend and decide on the best ways to demonstrate these devices. I'm looking forward to it but I'm also a bit apprehensive. After all, much of what I believe about development could be severely tested over the next week or so.

We will be working in and around Nakuru. My colleagues have been working here for some time and they have introduced me to various community support groups. Most of these groups have grown around the need to support people who are HIV positive, people who are directly affected by HIV and, particularly, those who are on antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Some of the groups are very active, with volunteers making regular visits to those who need support of various kinds, who need to be taken to hospital, who are having problems affording school fees or rent and whatever. Many of the groups are already exploring ways of making some money, such as growing and selling fruit, vegetables, milk, eggs and the like. Others make things and sell them.

Solar cookers are a bit different from other activities these groups are involved in. If someone buys a solar cooker, they have the means of saving money they would spend on charcoal. They may save the time they spend collecting firewood. They can use the cookers to cook food, dry food and boil water, the last being particularly important for people who are HIV positive.

People who are HIV positive need to be very careful about how they live their lives, what they eat and drink, what dangers they may be exposing themselves to. Their immune system is damaged by HIV and, even though many are on treatment, they still have to be careful. It is hoped that one more way of pasteurising water will be of great help in reducing exposure to diarrhoea and other water borne diseases.

Today, my colleague and I went to a support group at the camp for internally displaced persons (IDP) just outside town. People there are just trying to get by, some doing well, some not so well. We were accompanied by a woman who works for an agency that gives microloans to help people set up small businesses. Hopefully, they will see the benefits of solar cooking and, if they can come up with the money, also buy some cookers. And maybe some of them will want to take things further and use the cookers to produce something they can cook and sell.

That's the hope, anyhow. I'll write up what happens here, even if it shatters my heartfelt beliefs!

Solar Cookers and Cooking Baskets

Photo: An IDP camp in Molo, Rift Valley.

Yesterday, myself and two members of a local community based organisation, that I'll be revealing more about in the near future, went to a camp for internally displaced people (IDP), just outside Nakuru. This tent city was set up by the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) following the post election violence more than one and a half years ago. The UNHCR has now left the camp and people there are getting by as best they can.

It's disgraceful that the Kenyan government has yet to resettle people properly after all this time. Many of those in the camp find it difficult to get to services and facilities as they are an expensive bus journey away from the town. Even health facilities are hard to get at and people on antiretroviral therapy (ART) are in a particularly precarious position. ART is nominally free in Kenya but there are logistical problems relating to getting to health centres, buying other medicines and the like.

Anyhow, many people in IDP camps see themselves being there for some time. They have planted fields of fruit and vegetables and done their best to be more self reliant. Unfortunately, a herd of buffalo came recently and destroyed much of what they had grown. And the current drought doesn't help either, many crops are stunted or withered because of the lack of rain. But there are also green and flourishing gardens that must have required a lot of care and attention.

Some aid agencies have been to the IDP camp and have given some assistance. But much of that assistance is in the form of handouts of goods and money, which is not sustainable and does not allow people to be self reliant. This community based organisation are advising people on ways of saving in order to be able to access microcredit facilities. They are also advising on potential income generation schemes so that people can get some money for their work or, at least, find out about ways of spending less.

One technique we are hoping to introduce to people is the use of solar cookers for cooking food. The area gets a lot of sun and solar cookers could be used for much of the year. There are numerous advantages to using solar cookers but the advantage we want to make clearest is the cost saving. Charcoal and wood, which people use now, are expensive. They are also in short supply and becoming scarcer. Cutting the amount of smoke people inhale on a daily basis also springs to mind, and the list goes on. Oh, and it's a great way of pasteurising water!

Complementary to solar cookers would be cooking baskets, which are best explained on the Cooking in a Basket blog. These are insulated baskets that cook food which has been partially cooked, thus saving a lot of time and fuel.

In principle, it should be possible to source the materials and makers of these two tools, the solar cooker and the cooking basket, locally. That may take time and we can use ready made ones in the meantime. It may also be possible to get some of the materials free or almost free. Currently, a local sisal unit dumps large amounts of material that would make great insulation padding. But we'll spend the next few weeks working out the logistics and I'll post up our progress as we go along.